1. Initial Editorial Check

• Submission Screening: Upon receiving a manuscript, the editorial office conducts an initial check to ensure it meets the journal's scope and formatting guidelines.
• Plagiarism Check: Manuscripts undergo a plagiarism check using reliable software to verify originality and identify any instances of plagiarism.

2. Assignment to Reviewers

• Selection of Reviewers: The Editor-in-Chief assigns the manuscript to at least two expert reviewers in the field. Reviewers are selected based on their expertise, reputation, and absence of conflicts of interest with the manuscript or authors.
• Peer Review: Reviewers evaluate the manuscript based on originality, methodology, significance, clarity of presentation, and adherence to journal guidelines.

3. Peer Review Evaluation

• Reviewer Reports: Reviewers provide detailed, constructive feedback and recommendations to the editor, assessing the strengths, weaknesses, and overall quality of the manuscript.
• Recommendation: Based on the reviewers' reports, the Editor-in-Chief makes a decision to accept, reject, or request revisions to the manuscript. This decision considers the reviewers' comments, relevance to the journal's scope, and ethical standards.

4. Author Notification

• Decision Notification: Authors are promptly notified of the editorial decision, along with the reviewers' comments and recommendations.
• Revision Requests: If revisions are required, authors are provided with clear instructions and a deadline for submitting the revised manuscript.

5. Final Decision

• Editorial Decision: After receiving the revised manuscript, the Editor-in-Chief re-evaluates it to ensure all issues raised during peer review have been adequately addressed.
• Acceptance: Upon acceptance, the manuscript moves to the production stage for formatting and preparation for publication.

6. Confidentiality and Integrity

• Confidentiality: The peer review process is confidential. Reviewers are instructed not to discuss the manuscript with others or disclose any information.
• Conflict of Interest: Reviewers and editors must declare any potential conflicts of interest that could influence their impartiality during the review process.

7. Transparency

• Open Communication: Authors can contact the editorial office to inquire about the status of their manuscript or seek clarification on reviewer comments.
• Publication Ethics: The peer review process upholds ethical standards, ensuring fairness, objectivity, and integrity in scholarly publishing.