1. Ethical Guidelines for Authors

• Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure that their work is original and properly acknowledge the work and ideas of others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
• Authorship: All authors listed on the manuscript should have made significant contributions to the research. It is important to list all contributors who have made substantive contributions to the work.
• Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication: Authors should not submit manuscripts describing essentially the same research to more than one journal. Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior.
• Acknowledgment of Sources: Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

2. Ethical Guidelines for Editors

• Fair Review: Editors are responsible for evaluating manuscripts solely on their intellectual content, without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
• Confidentiality: Editors and editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Editors should recuse themselves from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

3. Ethical Guidelines for Reviewers

• Contribution to Editorial Decisions: Peer review assists editors in making editorial decisions and, through editorial communication with authors, may also assist authors in improving their manuscripts.
• Promptness: Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse themselves from the review process.
• Confidentiality: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.
• Standards of Objectivity: Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

4. Ethical Guidelines for Publisher

• Handling of Unethical Behavior: In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication, or plagiarism, the publisher will work with the editor to take appropriate action, including but not limited to publishing corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies.
• Access to Journal Content: The publisher is committed to ensuring permanent access to journal content for all interested parties.

5. Compliance with Standards

• Best Practices: Jatra adheres to industry best practices for ethical publishing and follows guidelines from organizations such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).